{"id":1596,"date":"2018-09-25T14:12:31","date_gmt":"2018-09-25T10:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/?page_id=1596"},"modified":"2026-07-19T13:21:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-19T09:51:54","slug":"retrofitting-of-buildings-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/structural-retrofitting\/retrofitting-of-buildings\/","title":{"rendered":"Retrofitting of Buildings"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"entry-header\">\n<div class=\"g1-hgroup\">\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Retrofitting of Buildings and Structures<\/h1>\n<p class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Externally bonded steel plates, steel or reinforced concrete jackets, and external pre-stressing were the traditional techniques used to strengthen or retrofit existing concrete structures to provide additional strength, compensate for construction design errors, correct deterioration problems, or improve the performance as required by code changes. These techniques were expensive because of the heavy equipment needed and, in most instances, did not provide a long service life. Corrosion of reinforcement, which is the common deterioration mechanism, affects the life cycle of steel plate in a similar manner. In addition, in certain cases such as strengthening of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/10.1061\/%28ASCE%29CF.1943-5509.0000850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>unreinforced masonry<\/strong><\/a> and concrete walls, the traditional techniques cannot be used. High-strength composite materials, used by the aerospace industry for more than 40 years, are becoming the preferred materials for the repairs. Since composite materials are extremely light, the process of installing the composite onto a structure is simplified considerably and, in most cases, heavy equipment is not needed for the repairs. The composites also have very high corrosion resistance. Although the materials are expensive, the final cost of repair becomes competitive because of the ease of construction and the time savings. The most popular uses include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams for flexure;<\/li>\n<li>shear strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams;<\/li>\n<li>column wrapping to improve the ductility for earthquake-type loading;<\/li>\n<li>strengthening of unreinforced masonry walls for in-plane and out-of-plane loading;<\/li>\n<li>strengthening for improved blast resistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<figure class=\"ux-image-shortcode-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Spallng-of-concrete-beam-Afzir-Strengthening-Co..jpg\" class=\"ux-image-lightbox\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Spallng-of-concrete-beam-Afzir-Strengthening-Co..jpg\" class=\"ux-image-shortcode\" alt=\"Loss of concrete cover\" style=\"width:100%;height:75%;max-width:2048px;width:40%;height:auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Spallng-of-concrete-beam-Afzir-Strengthening-Co..jpg 2048w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Spallng-of-concrete-beam-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Spallng-of-concrete-beam-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-533x400.jpg 533w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Spallng-of-concrete-beam-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Spallng-of-concrete-beam-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-1067x800.jpg 1067w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Concrete cover loss<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Philosophically, the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bonded to the parent structural element acts as reinforcement. Although research has been carried out to evaluate the use of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/frp-post-tension-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>pre-stressed FRP<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0 almost all applications involve the attachment of unstressed FRP to the parent structures using\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/products\/frp-epoxy-adhesive\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>epoxy<\/strong><\/a>. The FRP essentially acts as additional reinforcement.<br \/>\nThe major differences, as compared to traditional reinforcing bars, are (i) the strength of FRP is much higher; (ii) the behavior of most FRP is linearly elastic up to failure; (iii) the load transfer from FRP to concrete is by adhesion of epoxy as opposed to mechanical bond between bars and concrete; and (iv) the structural elements are under stress (load) when FRP is applied and these stresses and corresponding strains should be taken into account in the design.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"ux-image-shortcode-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Preparation-of-column-surface-for-installing-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-e1543658316674.jpg\" class=\"ux-image-lightbox\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"645\" src=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Preparation-of-column-surface-for-installing-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-e1543658316674.jpg\" class=\"ux-image-shortcode\" alt=\"Column retrofitting with GFRP\" style=\"width:100%;height:121.01%;max-width:533px;width:40%;height:auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Preparation-of-column-surface-for-installing-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-e1543658316674.jpg 533w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Preparation-of-column-surface-for-installing-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-e1543658316674-500x605.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Column preparation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"entry-title\">Retrofitting of Educational institutes<\/h2>\n<p>The universities, community colleges and high schools and all other educational institutions consist of a numerous blocks of structures.\u00a0 In some cases these institutions look\u00a0 like a city established within another city and have to struggle with the same type of infrastructure renovation issues as any other municipality. Our engineered Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) solutions offer fast, long-lasting and economical repair alternatives to owners, architect\/engineers and contractors to ensure the project is completed on time, within budget and with minimum disruption of service.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the repair and strengthening projects on university and college campuses that can benefit from Afzir engineered FRP solutions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>Strengthening of floors, beams, columns and walls as a result of change of use in existing buildings, stadiums, gymnasiums, libraries, etc. using FRP composite<\/li>\n<li>Seismic strengthening of concrete and masonry buildings for enhanced resiliency in case a major earthquake occurs<\/li>\n<li>Repair of corrosion damaged columns, floors, stairways, etc. in stadiums, parking garages, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Strengthening of roof beams (both concrete and glulam) for increased load capacity, e.g. when new air handling units are installed<\/li>\n<li>Repair of corrosion-damaged beams, walls and columns in cooling towers with FRP composite<\/li>\n<li>Blast retrofit\/mitigation or force protection of the key structures against terrorist attacks<\/li>\n<li>Repair of underground utility tunnels that are damaged by corrosion<\/li>\n<li>Trenchless repair of pipelines with FRP fibers &amp;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/products\/frp-laminates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>laminates<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In most cases, Afzir engineers can provide a complete \u201cturnkey\u201d design-build solution that includes sealed engineering drawings by our in-house engineers, all of the materials needed, and installation by one of our approved and certified installers.\u00a0 This unique turnkey design-build approach results in significant efficiency, time and cost-savings, and minimizes the potential errors and delays that can result when multiple groups are involved in one project.<\/p>\n<p>Afzir also welcomes the opportunity to partner with owners, architects, engineers and contractors by providing any single aspect of the project, i.e., design, materials, or installation for a specific project.<\/p>\n<p class=\"fontstyle0\">Retrofitting of Healthcare Facilities (Hospitals\/Medical Offices)<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>Hospitals, clinics and other healthcare facilities consist of a numerous blocks of structures.\u00a0 In many cases these facilities have to struggle with the same type of infrastructure renovation issues as any other municipality. Our engineered Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) solutions offer fast, long-lasting and economical repair alternatives to owners, architect\/engineers and contractors to ensure the project is completed on time, within budget and with minimum disruption of service.\u00a0 Repairs with FRP minimize dust and noise that is a major concern for the patients and staff working in a hospital.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the repair and strengthening projects in healthcare facilities, hospitals and clinics that can benefit from Afzir engineered\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/strengthening-with-frp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>FRP solutions<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Strengthening of floors, beams, columns and walls as a result of change of use in existing buildings, e.g. installing a new MRI machine on upper floors<\/li>\n<li>Seismic strengthening of concrete and masonry buildings with FRP products to make them more resilient and allow them to remain functional following a major earthquake<\/li>\n<li>Repair of corrosion damaged columns, floors, stairways, etc. in parking garages, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Repair of corrosion-damaged beams, walls and columns in cooling towers with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/journal\/composites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>FRP composite<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Repair of underground utility tunnels that are damaged by corrosion<\/li>\n<li>Trenchless repair of pipelines with FRP products<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In most cases, Afzir engineers can provide a complete \u201cturnkey\u201d design-build solution that includes sealed engineering drawings by our in-house engineers, all of the materials needed, and installation by one of our approved and certified installers.\u00a0 This unique turnkey design-build approach results in significant efficiency, time and cost-savings, and minimizes the potential errors and delays that can result when multiple groups are involved in one project.<\/p>\n<p>Afzir also welcomes the opportunity to partner with owners, architects, engineers and contractors by providing any single aspect of the project, i.e., design, materials, or installation for a specific project.<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 class=\"entry-title\">Retrofitting of Historical Properties<\/h2>\n<p>The need for repair and restoration of historical properties such as houses of worship, palaces, government buildings, courthouses, museums, etc. that are considered to be an identity document for community, is obvious. Restoration and preservation of historic structures is vital to maintaining and promoting the heritage of any community. Many of these buildings, for example, require upgrading to current seismic standards.\u00a0 General aging and deterioration may be another reason for such repairs.\u00a0 In all cases, care must be taken not to change the historic appearance of the structure and satisfying the needs of the various historic society committees and review boards can become challenging at times.<\/p>\n<p>Our engineered Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) solutions offer fast, long-lasting and economical repair alternatives to owners, architect\/engineers and contractors to ensure the project is completed on time, within budget and with minimum disruption of service.\u00a0 Products such as<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/design-installation-frp-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u00a0Near Surface Mounted<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0(NSM)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/carbon-fiber\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>carbon<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>strips can be hidden inside grooves that are cut in walls, totally making the repairs inconspicuous.\u00a0 Afzir\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/products\/carbon-wrap-ucw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>carbon fabrics<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0that are less than 0.05 inch (1.3 mm) thick can be applied to wall surfaces and covered with various architectural coatings; these solutions are much more suitable for retrofit of historic buildings compared with the use of conventional methods that utilize large steel beams and columns or encasement in concrete.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the repair, strengthening and preservation projects of historic that can benefit from Afzir engineered FRP solutions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Strengthening of floors, beams, columns and walls as a result of change of use in existing buildings, e.g. when a floor is converted to a museum supporting heavier artifacts<\/li>\n<li>Seismic strengthening of concrete and masonry walls<\/li>\n<li>Repair of corrosion damaged columns, floors, stairways, etc. using FRP products<\/li>\n<li>Blast retrofit\/mitigation or force protection of historical structures against terrorist attacks<\/li>\n<li>Repair of underground tunnels that are damaged by corrosion<\/li>\n<li>Trenchless repair of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/structural-retrofitting\/repairing-of-pipes-and-tanks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>pipelines<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>and tunnels using FRP composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In most cases, Afzir engineers can provide a complete \u201cturnkey\u201d design-build solution that includes sealed engineering drawings by our in-house engineers, all of the materials needed, and installation by one of our approved and certified installers.\u00a0 This unique turnkey design-build approach results in significant efficiency, time and cost-savings, and minimizes the potential errors and delays that can result when multiple groups are involved in one project.<\/p>\n<p>Afzir also welcomes the opportunity to partner with owners, architects, engineers and contractors by providing any single aspect of the project, i.e., design, materials, or installation for a specific project.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"ux-image-shortcode-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Repairing-of-historical-brick-structures-with-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co..jpg\" class=\"ux-image-lightbox\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Repairing-of-historical-brick-structures-with-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co..jpg\" class=\"ux-image-shortcode\" alt=\"Repairing historical properties\" style=\"width:100%;height:113.83%;max-width:600px;width:40%;height:auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Repairing-of-historical-brick-structures-with-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co..jpg 600w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Repairing-of-historical-brick-structures-with-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-500x569.jpg 500w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Repairing-of-historical-brick-structures-with-FRP-Afzir-Strengthening-Co.-351x400.jpg 351w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Historical properties repair<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"entry-title\">Retrofitting of Parking Garages<\/h2>\n<p>The need for parking space in parking garages (or car parks) continues to grow globally.\u00a0 In colder climates where deicing chemicals are used, salt-laden snow and ice accumulated under the cars gradually melts and covers the floors of parking garages.\u00a0 This will cause rapid corrosion of the concrete deck.\u00a0 In coastal regions, the salt present in air combined with a humid environment leads to fast corrosion of the entire parking facility including beams, floors, columns and walls.<\/p>\n<p>Our engineered Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) solutions offer fast, long-lasting and economical repair alternatives to owners, architect\/engineers and contractors to ensure the project is completed on time, within budget and with minimum disruption of business.\u00a0 Repairs with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sazpad.com\/afziren\/what-is-frp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>FRP<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>do not result in enlargement of the columns and walls.\u00a0 This means the same floor area and number of parking spaces remains available after the repairs for future revenue generation.\u00a0 Parking garages also have limited overhead clearance.\u00a0 Repair of floor beams and slabs with FRP assures that the overhead clearance is not reduced due to the repairs.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the repair and strengthening projects for parking garages or car parks that can benefit from Afzir engineered FRP solutions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Repair of corrosion-damaged floors, beams, columns and corbels with no loss of valuable space, using FRP products<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/books\/advanced-design-examples-of-seismic-retrofit-of-structures\/yekrangnia\/978-0-08-102534-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Seismic retrofit<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0of parking garages to comply with modern earthquake codes and for enhanced resiliency in the event of a major earthquake<\/li>\n<li>Strengthening of floor areas for heavier traffic loading, e.g. access for fire engines, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In most cases, Afzir engineers can provide a complete \u201cturnkey\u201d design-build solution that includes sealed engineering drawings by our in-house engineers, all of the materials needed, and installation by one of our approved and certified installers.\u00a0 This unique turnkey design-build approach results in significant efficiency, time and cost-savings, and minimizes the potential errors and delays that can result when multiple groups are involved in one project.<\/p>\n<p>Afzir also welcomes the opportunity to partner with owners, architects, engineers and contractors by providing any single aspect of the project, i.e., design, materials, or installation for a specific project.<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 class=\"entry-title\">Retrofitting of Recreational &amp; Entertainment Centers\u00a0(Gyms\/Stadiums)<\/h2>\n<p>The ability to accommodate a large number of people at various recreational &amp; entertainment occasions has made sport arenas, stadiums and gymnasiums such a unique structures.\u00a0 The excited fans that jump up and down to cheer and support\u00a0 their favorite team or band create additional vibration-induced loads on the structural elements.\u00a0 Partial collapse of a segment of these facilities is frequently reported in the news causing significant injuries and loss of life. At the same time, many outdoor stadiums and sport arenas are subjected to rain and snow, leading to corrosion and weakening of the structural elements.<\/p>\n<p>Our engineered Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) solutions offer fast, economical and long-lasting repair alternatives to owners, architect\/engineers and contractors to ensure the renovation of sport arenas and stadiums are completed on time, within budget and with minimum disruption of service.\u00a0 Some of the repair and strengthening solutions for marine structures including marinas, docks, piers, jetties, seawalls and sheet piles offered by Afzir\u00ae engineered FRP solutions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Repair of corroded steel, concrete or timber beams, floors or column<\/li>\n<li>Strengthening of ceiling or overhead trusses to support hanging additional equipment such as lights, speakers, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Strengthening of all or segments of the floor and columns to support additional loads<\/li>\n<li>Seismic retrofit of the sport arena or stadium including office buildings for compliance with modern\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fema.gov\/earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>earthquake codes<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and to ensure resiliency of these facilities in the event of a major earthquake<\/li>\n<li>Blast retrofit\/mitigation or force protection of all or parts of the facility against terrorist attacks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In most cases, Afzir engineers can provide a complete \u201cturnkey\u201d design-build solution that includes sealed engineering drawings by our in-house engineers, all of the materials needed, and installation by one of our approved and certified installers.\u00a0 This unique turnkey design-build approach results in significant efficiency, time and cost-savings, and minimizes the potential errors and delays that can result when multiple groups are involved in one project.<\/p>\n<p>Afzir also welcomes the opportunity to partner with owners, architects, engineers and contractors by providing any single aspect of the project, i.e., design, materials, or installation for a specific project.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"ux-image-shortcode-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Negative-moment-and-shear-strengthening-of-concrete-floor-and-opening-with-carbon-fabric-Afzir-Strengthenng-Co..jpg\" class=\"ux-image-lightbox\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1875\" src=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Negative-moment-and-shear-strengthening-of-concrete-floor-and-opening-with-carbon-fabric-Afzir-Strengthenng-Co..jpg\" class=\"ux-image-shortcode\" alt=\"Negative moment area strengthening\" style=\"width:100%;height:75%;max-width:2500px;width:40%;height:auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Negative-moment-and-shear-strengthening-of-concrete-floor-and-opening-with-carbon-fabric-Afzir-Strengthenng-Co..jpg 2500w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Negative-moment-and-shear-strengthening-of-concrete-floor-and-opening-with-carbon-fabric-Afzir-Strengthenng-Co.-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Negative-moment-and-shear-strengthening-of-concrete-floor-and-opening-with-carbon-fabric-Afzir-Strengthenng-Co.-533x400.jpg 533w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Negative-moment-and-shear-strengthening-of-concrete-floor-and-opening-with-carbon-fabric-Afzir-Strengthenng-Co.-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Negative-moment-and-shear-strengthening-of-concrete-floor-and-opening-with-carbon-fabric-Afzir-Strengthenng-Co.-1067x800.jpg 1067w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Negative moment and shear strengthening<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;1596&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (3 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Retrofitting of Buildings&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;110&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 110px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 0px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 17.6px;\">\n            5\/5 - (3 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Retrofitting of Buildings and Structures Externally bonded steel plates, steel or reinforced concrete jackets, and external pre-stressing were the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1596","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1596"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5126,"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1596\/revisions\/5126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/afzir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}